The Definitive Guide to Cleaning Guns: : Rifles, Pistols, Shotguns and Black Powder Rifles (Morris Robert Allen)(Paperback)

It's important to clean rifles and pistols to preserve accuracy, and for shotguns, particularly semi-automatics, to prevent them from jamming or misfiring. When a center fire rifle is fired, powder leaves a residue as it burns, called powder fouling, and the copper jacket on the bullet leaves a residue as it travels down the barrel called copper fouling. These residues build up after every shot, particularly the copper fouling. This buildup of residues will be greatest at the part of the barrel in front of the chamber where the rifling starts, called the throat. Once this buildup gets large enough, say after about 20 shots, it sizes each bullet as it passes it. Since the sized bullet no longer exactly fits the bore, an amount of accuracy is lost. Even if this build up is only .002 to .003 inch in thickness, it will reduce accuracy. Properly cleaning the bore is the only way to prevent
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