Jihadism in Europe - Hugo Micheron - diskuze

In this book, Hugo Micheron retraces the history of European jihadism from the war in Afghanistan in the 1990s to the present day. Over a period of some thirty years, jihadist ideas spread to the main cities of Europe, where they were disseminated by thousands of Islamic activists. These ideas were also embedded in online media which connect Islamic communities across the world. Micheron argues that the development of Jihadism has not been linear, but has followed a wave-like pattern of ebbs and flows. At high tide, the movement is visible and its sympathizers give priority to armed jihad. They seek to mediatize their operations in order to galvanize sympathizers, draw in new recruits and intimidate adversaries. These periods of high tide are the times when they most often employ terrorism. At low tide, jihadism seems to have been defeated. Organizations are dismantled and they no longer have the operational capacity to conduct large-scale attacks. To the external observer, armed jihad seems to have disappeared, and its threat is correspondingly weakened. But jihadism has not disappeared: it has merely mutated. Armed struggle has been replaced by ideological struggle. This wave-like movement of jihadism is poorly understood in the West. Observers tend to measure the threat only in terms of overt terrorist attacks and they ignore the mutations that occur during the periods of low tide, and hence they fail to appreciate the reconfigurations of jihadism that take place over th
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