State Failure and Violent Order - Timor Shah Bushar

Over the past century, the process of state-building in Afghanistan has repeatedly failed, with each failure resulting not only in the collapse of institutional order but also in the reproduction of structural violence, political conflict, and social fragmentation. Within this context, Islamists extremist movements have functioned as anti-state actors, playing a pivotal role in undermining political legitimacy, institutional cohesion, and state authority.
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