4D Printing - Fundamentals and Applications(Paperback / softback)

In the past three decades, there has been an increasing focus of research efforts on the development and optimization of additive manufacturing processes. These additive manufacturing processes may use powder/liquid and solid based consumable materials. But up until now, little has been reported on hybrid processes, (such as processes that can use a combination of powder/liquid and solid based consumable materials) or smart consumables which may have controlled 4th dimensional capabilities. Additive Manufacturing for 4D Applications explores both autonomic and non-autonomic systems with different stimulus such as temperature, current, moisture, light, sound. In addition, the 5th dimensional aspect using more than one stimulus is outlined for additive manufacturing processes. It presents both an introduction to the basic understanding of hybrid processes, as well as exploring the
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