Cyber Warfare and Navies

Cyber Warfare and Navies, an edited collection, takes a penetrating look into the threats that cyber warfare poses to operations in the maritime environment and the means of defending against cyberattack. As with all elements of the digital age, navies and commercial maritime operations around the world have become increasingly vulnerable to cyber conflict. Navies are obvious targets of hostile national and nonstate cyber actions. Almost every aspect of commercial maritime activities has become digitized and interconnected and thus vulnerable to cyber intrusions, sabotage, viruses, and destruction. In an era when 85 percent of global trade and 70 percent of all liquid fuels travel by sea, cyber effects on ships, port-handling equipment, shipping companies, maritime suppliers, and other maritime industries can cripple manufacturing industries and retail businesses on a global basis. Neither navies nor commercial shipping can “sail away” from cyber threats.  Initially, naval leaders had difficulty accepting and preparing for cyber warfare, which is largely viewed as a problem on land and from which ships were perceived as disconnected. As a consequence, effectively integrating cyber operations into its naval warfighting planning has proven challenging not only for the U.S. Navy, but for allied and adversary navies as well. The U.S. Navy created Fleet Cyber Command (FCC), with the U.S. Navy’s Tenth Fleet as its cyber operational arm and the Navy’s component contributin
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